Features of designing small hydroelectric power plants in mountains

Abstract

Relevance. Currently, the share of renewable energy sources in the Republic of Uzbekistan is sharply increasing, especially small hydroelectric power plants (MGES) are an important element of renewable energy, and their use in mountainous and foothill areas allows for the efficient use of natural resources. These regions of Uzbekistan have great opportunities due to their elevation and abundance of rivers. However, the design and construction of hydraulic structures in such areas has many specific complexities related to natural, technical, ecological, and economic conditions. Despite the high energy potential of small rivers, it has practically not been developed. This confirms the relevance of developing effective solutions for its use.

Aim: The article examines the experience of designing small hydroelectric power stations (SHPS) in mountainous and foothill regions that can be used for the development of small hydropower in Uzbekistan. The article presents an analysis of hydrological, climatic, and geological conditions influencing the selection of placement schemes and technological solutions. The location, type, equipment, and choice of the hydraulic unit's derivation route are justified. The results of the work can be used in the development of projects for small hydropower plants.

Methods: To effectively utilize pressure, it is recommended to use a combined pressure-free-pressure derivation scheme with open channels and a pressure basin. At pressures above 80 m, it is advisable to use bucket turbines, and at pressures of 20-80 m, radial-axial turbines. To increase reliability during seismic impacts, it is recommended to provide anchor support for the main hydraulic structures to rocky foundations.

Results: The choice of bucket or radial-axial turbines depending on the pressure ensures high energy efficiency and reliable operation of stations under variable water flow conditions. Small hydroelectric power plants (SHPPs) are an effective and environmentally sustainable solution for energy supply in the mountainous and foothill regions of Uzbekistan.