Scientific and Technological Foundations of an Air Cooling System Based on Renewable Energy Sources Under Water and Energy Scarcity Conditions in Uzbekistan

Abstract

Relevance: water and energy scarcity in Uzbekistan is becoming increasingly critical due to climate change and frequent droughts. In this context, there is a growing demand for efficient, low-energy air-cooling technologies, especially in agriculture and residential sectors. Conventional evaporative cooling systems rely heavily on fresh water and mechanical pumps or compressors, making them less applicable in arid and resource-limited regions. Therefore, the development of a pump-free evaporative cooler powered by renewable energy and capable of using saline water is of both scientific and practical importance.

Aim: the aim of this study is to develop and scientifically justify an innovative air-cooling system that operates without pumps, using saline water and capillary-active hygroscopic materials. The work includes evaluating its energy efficiency, environmental impact, and applicability under decentralized or off-grid conditions.

Methods: the research involved comparative analysis with existing systems, laboratory testing of capillary water movement, and experimental evaluation of thermal performance and cooling efficiency. Additional analysis covered water usage, energy consumption, and maintenance cost under typical climatic conditions of Uzbekistan’s arid zones.

Results: the proposed system eliminates the need for pumps and compressors, operates autonomously using solar energy, and can utilize saline water with mineralization up to 10–12 g/L. Its energy consumption is limited to 100–150 W·h (for the fan), and the construction is simple, low-maintenance, and robust. The device is recommended for use in agricultural settings, greenhouses, and remote areas suffering from water and energy shortages - particularly in Karakalpakstan and the Aral Sea region.