Analysis of Structural and Operational Characteris-tics of Power Transformers Used in Railway Power Supply Systems

Abstract

Relevance: This article is devoted to the analysis of the structural and operational characteristics of power transformers used in railway power supply systems. The main components of transformers — magnetic core, windings, insulation, and cooling system — are key factors determining their energy efficiency, short-circuit withstand capability, and long-term stable operation. Moreover, the relationship between structural parameters and operational performance was formulated as a generalized model, and the results showed that design solutions play a crucial role in enhancing the reliability and efficiency of transformers used under railway conditions.

Objective: To analyze the structural and operational characteristics of power transformers applied in railway power supply systems.

Methods: In analyzing the structural and operational characteristics of power transformers, the study relied on theories of electromagnetic fields, electric machines, heat transfer, insulation, mechanical strength, reliability, and energy efficiency. These theories and mathematical expressions allow for a thorough investigation of the relationship between transformer structural parameters and their operational performance, as well as provide a basis for optimizing technical solutions for railway power supply systems.

Results: Physical processes determined by the structural parameters of power transformers directly influence their operational performance. The design of the magnetic core, windings, and insulation affects energy losses, current density, and temperature regimes. Cooling systems and mechanical strength ensure stable operation and reduce the risk of failures. Thus, the generalized model of the relationship between design solutions and operational outcomes enables the optimization of transformer reliability, efficiency, and service life.